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LOS 36.l: Compare effective convexities of                     READING 36: VALUATION AND ANALYSIS: BONDS WITH EMBEDDED OPTIONS
     callable, putable, and straight bonds.
                                                                                                     MODULE 36.6: KEY RATE DURATION



                                                                                                          Callable bonds: When rates are
                                                                                                          high, they are unlikely to be called
                                                                                                          and will exhibit positive
                                                                                                          convexity. When the underlying
                                                                                                          call option is near the money (at
                                                                                                          lower yields), it turns negative
                                                                                                          convexity; the upside potential of
                                                                                                          the bond’s price is limited due to
                                                                                                          the call price (while the downside is
                                                                                                          not protected).








                                                                                         Putable bonds: At high yields (above Y*)
                                                                                         convexity is positive; the put  option is likely to be
                                                                                         exercised: Why? Issuer is now higher risk and for
                                                                                         the already-fixed coupon payments, investor is
                                                                                         better-off selling (s/he has already made returns
                                                                                         via yield; or, finds it too risky and wants out)!
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