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various literatures. The following statements were what informants done

when they synthesized some literatures in writing article, they reported,

Combining the point of analysis from some related references. we can
write either the same result of previous studies with our research or
the contrary one (M1)

I paraphrased the main propositions from some literatures, also
considering cohesion and coherence of writing. (M4)

The data indicated that synthesis could discuss some previous studies,
especially on finding and discussion of the research. In this part, either the
same result of relevant study or the contrary one should be stated.
Meanwhile, the theories guided in article were synthesized through
paraphrasing the main propositions from some literatures. Since it was
combination from some theories, cohesion and coherence should be
considered. Additionally, it could be done by collecting some theories then
conclude it based on the writer understanding.
Furthermore, previous studies had confirmed the importance of
reading synthesize in writing. For example (Zhao & Hirvela, 2015)
investigated the undergraduate ESL students’ engagement in academic
reading and writing in learning to write a synthesis paper. The finding
showed that the students’ understanding of synthesis and the functions of
sources played a crucial role in learning to synthesize, as did their ability to
use rhetorical reading strategies to complete this new literacy task.

Scanning the Point of Relevant Literatures
To understand propositions stated on references need a deep critical

thinking since each authors has different style in expressing their view. That is
why a good academic writer read some literatures critically before composing
on paper. The strategy that they used was scanning, the following was the
detail strategy how they did it,
The frequency of reading depends upon what extent of proposition
understanding. Sometimes, taking time to catch idea and needing
reading frequently. (M1)

I used scanning strategy in reading abstract; the rest was skimming
(M4)