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Shemos—Mishpatim 22:19 èé:áë íéèôùîZúåîù
Shemos—Mishpatim 22:24–25 äëYãë:áë íéèôùîZúåîù
Do not place the burden of interest upon him. :CÓLÞÓòî−£ÖñÖ¼öe 'ô−ÌNг-ê ÞG must be condemned [to die]. ó¢ÖþÏìÞÖ−
25. If you take your neighbor’s garment as security, E¢Ó¼Ñþ³¤ÔôÐñÔNñÒ£aÐìÔzñÒ'ëÖì-óÌê .í×
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA RASHI é"ùø AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA RASHI é"ùø AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA it would have been necessary to explicitly write: ëBzÐ×ÌñÐîLÑþÖõÐñC−ÌþÖ®íÖ−Öí
ó−ÌþÑìÎê [ó−ÌíGêÑñ]—other [gods]. ,"ó−ÌþÑìÎê,,
Interest. .CÆLÞÆð
However, now that it is vocalized ó−ÌíGÍêÖñ ,ó−ÌíGÍêÖñþÔôÖêÓLî−ÖLÐ×Ô¼
[CÓLÓò has the meaning of:] “interest” ³−ÌaÌþ
it is not necessary to define it with the word “other.” ,ó−ÌþÑìÎêLÑþÖõÐñC−ÌþÖ®ö−Ñê
because it is (³Ô×−ÌLÐòÌ×) like the bite of a snake LÖìÖò³Ô×−ÌLÐòÌ×ê−ÌíÓL
For wherever the letters ’ñ or ’ë or ’í ê"ÑíÐî ³"−Ñëe ð"ÓôÖññÖkÓL
which bites [inflicting] a small wound in his foot BñÐèÔþÐëíÖpԬКíÖþeaÔìCÑLBpÓL
are used as a prefix, íÖë−ÑzÔíLêÒþÐa³ÓLÓnÔLÐôÔí
which he does not feel ,L−ÌbÐþÔô Bò−ÑêÐî
and are vocalized with a sheva ,¹Ö¬ÎìÔëíÖðešÐòóÌê
and, suddenly, it burgeons and swells Ô ìÑõBòÐî¬ÑaЬÔëÐô êeí óBêгÌõe
for example: CÓñÓôÐñ (to a king), ,CÓñÓôÐñ öBèÐk
[his entire body] till his head. ,BðÏšÐðÖšðÔ¼
þÖaÐðÌôÐñ (to a desert), þ−̼Ðñ (to a city), ,þ−̼Ðñ,þÖaÐðÌôÐñ
So it is with interest: ³−ÌaÌþCÖk
it is necessary to define which king, ,CÓñÓôíÓï−ÑêÐñLÑþÖõÐñC−ÌþÖ®
He (the borrower) feels nothing L−ÌbÐþÔô Bò−Ñê
which desert, which city. ,þ−̼ Bï−ÑêÐñ,þÖaÐðÌôíÓï−ÑêÐñ
and it is not noticeable [at first] þÖk−Ìò Bò−ÑêÐî
Similarly, (when these letters precede a sheva such as): öÑ×Ðî
until the interest accumulates íÖñB¼ ³−ÌaÌþÖíÓLðÔ¼
ó−Ì×ÖñÐôÌñ (for kings), ó−ÌñÖèÐþÌñ (for holidays) ó−ÌñÖèÐþÌ ñÐîó−Ì×ÖñÐôÌñ
and causes him a great loss of money. 40 :íÑaÐþÔí öBôÖôBþÐqÔìÐôe
[when the vowel of the prefix is] a chirick, (š"Óþ−ÌìÐë)
[25] If you take security. 41 .ìÉaÀçÇzìÉáÈç-íÄà [äë]
it is necessary to define which ones, ,íÓï−ÑêÐñLÑþÖõÐñC−ÌþÖ®
Wherever the term íÖñÖëÎì appears íÖñÖëÎì öBLÐññÖk
for if it (ó−Ì×ÖñÐôÌñ) were not defined ,LÑþÖõÐô Bò−ÑêóÌêÐî
it does not refer to security [taken] öBkÐLÔô Bò−Ñê
it would refer to all kings. ,¼ÖôÐLÔôÐaó−Ì×ÖñÐôñÖk
at the time the loan is made ,íÖêÖîÐñÔí³Ô¼ÐLÌa
Similarly ó−ÌíGêÑñ (to gods) would include all gods Z¼ÖôÐLÔôÐaó−ÌíGÍêñÖkó−ÌíGêÑñöÑk
but rather the security that is taken from the borrower íÓîBlÔí³Óêö−ÌòÐkÐLÔôÐnÓLêÖlÓê
even [the One of whom the use of ó−ÌíGÍê is] holy. ,LÓðBš el−ÌõÎê
when the loan comes due öÔôÐfÔíÔ¼−ÌbÔnÓLÐk
But when [one of these letters] is vocalized with a patach ,ìÖzÔtíÖðešÐòê−ÌíÓLÐkñÖëÎê
and he does not pay. ;Ô¼ÑþBõ Bò−ÑêÐî
as in: CÓñÓnÔñ (to the king), þÖaÐ ðÌnÔñ (to the desert) ,þÖaÐðÌnÔñ ,CÓñÓnÔñBôÐk
(ñÒaÐìÔz ñBëÖì: [The Torah asks] ZñÒaÐìÔzñÒëÖì)
þ−̼Öñ (to the city), ,þ−̼Öñ
that you repeat taking the security íÖñÖëÎìÔëEÐññÑtÔk
then it is known which king is spoken of. ,þÑaÔðÐôCÓñÓôíÓï−ÑêÐa¼ÖðBò
even many times over. ;ó−ÌôÖ¼ÐõíÖnÔkðÔ¼
So, too, regarding þ−̼Öñ, þ−̼ÖñöÑ×Ðî
God [in effect] says: ,í"ÖaÖwÔíþÔôÖê
it is known which city is spoken of. ,þÑaÔðÐôþ−̼íÓï−ÑêÐa¼ÖðBò
“How much do you owe Me? ,−Ìñë−ÖiÔìíÖzÔêíÖnÔk
So, too, ó−ÌíGÍêÖñ refers to those [gods] öÖ³BêÐñZó−ÌíGÍêÖ ñöÑ×Ðî
and see for yourself that your soul EÐLÐõÔò−ÑþÎíÔî
that were forbidden to you elsewhere. .þÑìÔê óBšÖôÐaóÓí−ÑñμóÓzÐþÔíÐïeíÓL
ascends to Me each and every night LôÓêÖîLÓôÓêñÖk−ÌñЮÓêíÖñB¼
Similarly: “There is none like You CBôÖkö−Ñê ,Bë êÑ®BiÔk
and gives an accounting of itself ö−Ìc³ÓòÓ³BòÐî
(ó−ÌíGÍêÖa) amongst the gods,” 17 ,ó−ÌíGÍêÖë
and thereby becomes beholden to Me, ,−ÔòÖõÐñ³Óë−ÓiÔìгÌôe
since ó−ÌíGÍêÖë is not defined [with ó−ÌþÑìÎê] ,LÔþ−ÑõêHÓL−ÌõÐñ
and yet I return it to you [every morning]. ,EÐñdÖþ−ÌïÎìÔô−ÌòÎêÔî 18
it was necessary to vocalize it with a patach. :ìÖzÔtðÑšÖp−ÌñCÔþЮeí
So shall you, too, take the security ñB¬ íÖzÔê¹Ôê
Must be condemned. .íÈøÃçÞÈé
[Meaning:] he must be put to death. .³Öôe−
40 Tanchuma 9; Sh. Rab. 31, 6. 41 There are two kinds of öBkÐLÔô—“security”: 1. Security taken at the time of the
loan as insurance that the loan will be repaid. If the borrower fails to repay the loan the lender may keep the Why is óÖþÏìÖ− written here? óÖþÏìÖ−þÔôÍêÓòíÖnÖñ
security in lieu of the loan. 2. Security taken when the loan comes due and the borrower has not paid. This is
done through the court even against the will of the borrower. In this case the lender must intermittently return the 17 Tehillim 86, 8. 18 The patach being in place of the definite article ’í—i.e., “the gods that were prohibited to you
security, as the verse goes on to explain. This latter type of öBkÐLÔô is called íÖñÖëÎì. elsewhere.”