Page 2825 - Cote clinical veterinary advisor dogs and cats 4th

1488 L-carnitine (Carnitor, levocarnitine) Laxative paste (Laxatone)

Generic Name (Brand Administration/
Name, Synonyms) Canine Dosages Feline Dosages Adverse Effects/Warnings Availability
VetBooks.ir Ketamine HCl (Ketaset, Restraint: 3 mg/kg IV with Restraint: 5-10 mg/kg IM; can Adverse effects include pain on IM Injection. CSS-III.
Ketaflo, Vetalar)
injection; increased heart rate,
diazepam or midazolam
be supplemented with 2 mg/
kg IV if needed.
0.1 mg/kg IV (can be
blood pressure, and myocardial
combined in same syringe)
Often combined with other
agents for sedation/ oxygen consumption. Eyes should
be protected from injury with an
anesthesia for minor ocular lubricant. Does not provide
procedures: ketamine 3 mg/ muscle relaxation and should
kg IV plus diazepam or not be used alone for major
midazolam 0.1 mg/kg IV surgery. Contraindicated where
(can be combined in same increased intraocular pressure or
syringe), or ketamine plus open globe injuries are present.
butorphanol 0.1-0.5 mg/ Use with caution in animals with
kg IM, IV, or buprenorphine pre-existing seizure disorders,
0.005-0.02 mg/kg IM, IV cardiovascular and renal
compromise.
Ketoconazole (Nizoral) Susceptible mycotic infection Generally not recommended Adverse effects include GI upset, Tablets; give with a fatty meal.
(not recommended for most for cats. dose-related hepatotoxicity, and
systemic mycosis): 5-10 mg/ adrenal suppression. Use with
kg PO q 12-24h caution in hepatic disease or
Long-term pulse dosing for thrombocytopenia. Long-term
onychomycosis: 5-10 mg/kg use has been associated with
PO 3 days on and 4 days off cataracts.
Cyclosporin dose reduction
adjunct: 2.5-5 mg/kg PO
q 24h
Ketoprofen (Ketofen, Antiinflammatory/analgesic Antiinflammatory/analgesic Adverse effects include GI upset and Tablets, capsules and injection.
Anafen) NSAID: 2 mg/kg IM, IV, or NSAID: 1-2 mg/kg IM, IV, or ulcers, renal necrosis, hepatitis, Oral forms given with food.
SQ once (postoperative pain SQ once (postoperative pain and platelet inhibition. Do not
control), followed by 1 mg/ control), followed by 1 mg/ administer with glucocorticoids
kg PO q 24h prn or lowest kg PO q 24h prn or lowest or other NSAIDs. Rarely used in
effective dose effective dose. Alternative small animals.
analgesics usually preferred
in cats.

L

Generic Name (Brand
Name, Synonyms) Canine Dosages Feline Dosages Adverse Effects/Warnings Administration/Availability
Lactulose (Cephulac, Hepatic encephalopathy: Hepatic encephalopathy: Adverse effects include flatulence, Oral liquid or crystals
Kristalose) 0.25-0.5 mL/kg PO q 0.25-0.5 mL/kg PO q 6-8h gastric distention, and cramping.
6-8h until stools are loose until stools are loose Contraindicated in intestinal
Enema: 3 parts lactulose Constipation: 1 2 - 3 4 obstruction. Use with caution in
and 7 parts warm water teaspoon q 12h mixed with diabetic patients. Cats may be easier
and give 1-10 mL/kg as a food, adjusted to obtain to medicate with the oral crystals
retention enema for 20-30 desired stool consistency (1 g crystals = 1.5 mL liquid).
minutes
Lansoprazole (Prevacid) Proton pump inhibitor Proton pump inhibitor antacid: Adverse effects not well documented Delayed-release orally disintegrating
antacid: 1-2 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg IV or PO q 24h in dogs or cats; dizziness, irregular tablets, capsules, both OTC, and
maximum of 20 mg/day IV heart rate, weakness, “jitters,” and injection. Give on empty stomach
or PO q 24h seizures described in humans. each morning.
Lanthanum (Fosrenol, Phosphate binder: 5-20 mg/ Phosphate binder: 15-45 mg/ Contraindicated in intestinal Tablets; give with meals.
Lantharenol) kg PO q 12h; titrate to kg/d PO divided with meals, obstruction, ileus, or fecal impaction.
effect or 200 mg/CAT q 12h Use with caution in presence of
colitis or ulcers. Adverse effects
include vomiting and food avoidance.
May impact absorption of some
drugs (e.g., famotidine).
Laxative paste (Laxatone) Constipation: per label Constipation or hairballs: Aspiration Oral gel OTC
instructions per label instructions, or
2.5-5 mL PO initially, then
1-2.5 mL PO 2-3 times
per week

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