Page 2827 - Cote clinical veterinary advisor dogs and cats 4th

1490 Loperamide (Imodium) Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Generic Name (Brand
Name, Synonyms) Canine Dosages Feline Dosages Adverse Effects/Warnings Administration/Availability
VetBooks.ir Loperamide (Imodium) Antidiarrheal: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg Antidiarrheal: 0.05-0.16 mg/ Do not administer to dogs with MDR1/ Tablets, capsules, and oral liquid
ABCB1-Δ mutation (naloxone may
OTC
kg PO q 8-12h
PO q 8-12h
be used to reverse effects). Cats
may experience a paradoxical CNS
excitation. Use with caution if at all
in animals with increased cranial
pressure or acute abdomen. Use
with extreme caution in hepatic
impairment. Constipation, bloat, and
sedation are the most likely effects
in dogs. Multiple reported drug
interactions.
Losartan (Cozaar) Angiotensin receptor Use not described for cats. Adverse effects not well described in Tablets; also available combined
blocker: non-azotemic dogs or cats. Hypotension, cough, with hydrochlorothiazide.
dogs 0.5 mg/kg PO q hyperkalemia, and azotemia can
24h, titrating up to 1 mg/ occur in humans.
kg/d prn; azotemic dogs,
0.125 mg/kg PO q 24h,
titrating up to 0.5 mg/kg/d
Lorazepam (Ativan) Behavioral modification: Behavioral modification: Polyphagia, aggression, sedation, Tablets, oral solution, and injection.
0.02-0.5 mg/kg PO q 0.025-0.25 mg/kg or and ataxia can occur. Sudden CSS-IV.
8-24h 0.125-0.25 mg/CAT PO discontinuation may result in return
Status epilepticus: 0.2 mg/ q 8-24h of unwanted behaviors. Use injection
kg IV or intranasally with care in cats as the injection
contains propylene glycol and benzyl
alcohol.
Lovastatin (Mevacor) Hypercholesterolemia: Use not described for cats. Lethargy, GI upset, muscle pain, and Tablet; give with food.
10-20 mg/DOG PO q 24h hepatotoxicity are possible.
Lysine (l-lysine, Enisyl-F, No well-described use in Herpes (FHV-1) viral infection: Renal dysfunction reported in humans. Chewable treats, oral paste or gel,
Felisyl) dogs. 250-500 mg/CAT q 12-24h Efficacy questionable for FHV-1. powder OTC

M

Generic Name (Brand Administration/
Name, Synonyms) Canine Dosages Feline Dosages Adverse Effects/Warnings Availability
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk Hypomagnesemia/ Hypomagnesemia/hypocalcemia: Can cause diarrhea, electrolyte Oral suspension OTC
of Magnesia) hypocalcemia: 5-15 mL/DOG 5 mL/CAT PO q 12-24h disturbances, and interferes
PO q 12-24h with many orally administered
drugs. Contraindicated in renal
insufficiency.
Magnesium sulfate Hypomagnesemia: 0.75 mEq/ Hypomagnesemia: 0.75 mEq/ Use with caution in patients with Injection. Give IV slowly (over
kg/d (or 0.375 mmol/kg/d) IV kg/d (or 0.375 mmol/kg/d) IV. renal failure; dosage reduction 10-20 minutes) and then as a
Used in addition to potassium of 50%-75% recommended. CRI to desired effect.
supplementation. Adverse effects are from
hypermagnesemia and include
drowsiness, muscular weakness,
bradycardia, hypotension,
hypocalcemia, respiratory
depression, and increased Q-T
intervals.
Mannitol (Osmitrol) Cerebral edema, oliguric Cerebral edema, oliguric renal Volume depletion, volume Injection. Inspect for crystals
renal failure, or adjunctive failure, or adjunctive treatment overload in oliguric patients, before administration (warming
treatment of glaucoma: of glaucoma: 0.25-0.5 g/kg hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and will dissolve crystals). Do
0.25-0.5 g/kg as a slow IV as a slow IV bolus over 10-20 metabolic acidosis are the most not give mannitol with whole
bolus over 10-20 minutes minutes severe adverse effects. Use with blood products unless at least
caution in oliguric renal failure. 20 mEq/L of sodium chloride
Other adverse effects may include is added to the mannitol
GI upset, CHF, tachycardia, solution or pseudoagglutination
acute kidney injury (if osmolality may result.
>320 mOsm/L), and CNS effects.

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