Page 2831 - Cote clinical veterinary advisor dogs and cats 4th

1494 Methylprednisolone acetate (Medrol, Depo-Medrol) Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Generic Name (Brand Administration/
Name, Synonyms) Canine Dosages Feline Dosages Adverse Effects/Warnings Availability
VetBooks.ir Methylprednisolone acetate Antiinflammatory long-acting Antiinflammatory long-acting Adverse effects are those typical Injectable suspension. Shake
well before using.
(Medrol, Depo-Medrol)
glucocorticoid: 1-2 mg/
of glucocorticoids (e.g., PU/PD,
glucocorticoid: 10-20 mg/CAT
kg IM, SQ repeated as
polyphagia, hypothalamic-pituitary
IM, SQ repeated as needed
needed up to q several
Intermediate-duration
DM. Contraindicated in active
weeks. Intermediate-duration up to q several weeks. axis suppression). Can precipitate
glucocorticoids (e.g., glucocorticoids (e.g., infections, GI ulceration, and
predniso[lo]ne) preferred in prednisolone) preferred in hyperadrenocorticism. Do not use
most situations. Can be used most situations. Can be used concurrently with NSAIDs or other
as intralesional injection. as intralesional injection. glucocorticoids. Use with caution
in hypertension, CHF, renal
insufficiency.
Methylprednisolone sodium Rapid-acting parenteral Rapid-acting parenteral Adverse effects include GI Injection
succinate (Solu-Medrol) glucocorticoid: 30 mg/kg glucocorticoid: 30 mg/kg slow ulceration. Typically used only
slow IV once, then 15 mg/ IV once, then 15 mg/kg IV q in acute care, so longer-term
kg IV q 6h prn up to 48 6h prn up to 48 hours (use in adverse effects of glucocorticoids
hours (use in shock and IVDD shock controversial) may not have been recognized.
controversial) Active infection, GI ulceration,
and hyperadrenocorticism are
contraindications. Do not use
concurrently with NSAIDs. Use
with caution in hypertension,
CHF, renal insufficiency.
Methyltestosterone (Android, Testosterone-responsive Do not use in cats. May cause premature closure of Tablets, capsules
Methitest) alopecia: 1 mg/kg (up to epiphyseal plates in growing
30 mg/DOG) PO q 24-48h animals. Contraindicated in
until hair regrowth, then hepatic failure and pregnancy.
lowest effective dose 1-2×/ Use with caution in heart failure.
wk
Hormone-responsive
incontinence in male dogs:
0.5 mg/kg PO q 24h (other
treatments preferred)
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Antiemetic and gastric Not preferred for cats. Adverse effects include frenzied Tablets, oral solution, injection.
prokinetic: 0.2-0.5 mg/kg Antiemetic and gastric behavior, disorientation, Dilute IV doses in saline and
PO, SQ, or IM q 6-8h, or prokinetic: 0.2-0.5 mg/kg constipation; these are more likely administer slowly to minimize
0.01-0.09 mg/kg/h IV CRI q 6-8h PO, SQ, or IM; or in cats than dogs. Contraindicated CNS adverse effects.
0.01-0.09 mg/kg/h IV CRI in patients with GI hemorrhage,
obstruction, or perforation. May
trigger hypertensive crisis in
pheochromocytoma. Use with
extreme caution if at all in
presence of seizures or head
trauma. Do not use concurrently
with phenothiazines. Use with
caution and reduce dose in CHF
or renal failure.
Metoprolol (Lopressor) Noncongestive heart failure: Beta-blocker: 2-15 mg/CAT PO Contraindicated in 2nd- or Tablets
0.2 mg/kg PO q 12h slowly q 8h 3rd-degree heart block and sinus
titrated upward (as tolerated) bradycardia. Adverse effects may
q 2-3 weeks include bradycardia, lethargy,
weakness, depression, impaired
AV conduction, worsening of
heart failure, hypotension,
hypoglycemia, syncope, and
diarrhea.
Metronidazole (Flagyl) Susceptible anaerobic infections Susceptible anaerobic infections Adverse effects include neurotoxicity Tablets, oral solution, injection.
or IBD: 10-15 mg/kg PO q or IBD: 10-15 mg/kg PO q (rare in cats), blood dyscrasias, GI Compounding pharmacists
12h (do not exceed 60 mg/ 12h upset, and hepatopathy. Use with may prepare palatable
kg/day) Anaerobic sepsis: 15 mg/kg IV caution and reduce dose by 50% preparations of metronidazole
Anaerobic sepsis: 15 mg/kg IV over 30-60 minutes q 12h in hepatic failure and decrease benzoate, which requires
over 30-60 minutes q 12h Giardiasis: 15-25 mg/kg PO q frequency to q 24h. Dogs may multiplying the dose of
Giardiasis: 15-25 mg/kg PO q 12-24h for 5-7 days experience neurotoxicity in doses metronidazole by 1.6. Tablets
12-24h for 5 -7 days >60 mg/kg/day. are extremely bitter. Injections
should not be refrigerated.
Dilute IV doses in saline
and administer over 30-60
minutes.

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