Page 2847 - Cote clinical veterinary advisor dogs and cats 4th

1510 Vitamin B 9 : see folic acid Zonisamide (Zonegran)

Generic Name (Brand Administration/
Name, Synonyms) Canine Dosages Feline Dosages Adverse Effects/Warnings Availability
VetBooks.ir Vitamin B 9: see folic acid
Vitamin B 12: see
cyanocobalamin
Vitamin C: see ascorbic acid
Vitamin K 1 (phytonadione, Anticoagulant rodenticide Anticoagulant rodenticide Excipients in injectable products may Tablets, capsules, and
Mephyton) intoxication: Prophylaxis— intoxication: as for dogs cause anaphylactoid reactions after IV injection. Use small-gauge
1.5-2.5 mg/kg PO q 12h; Hepatic disease with prolonged administration. Adverse events include needles when injecting
treatment of bleeding—one coagulation: 1 mg/kg SQ q anaphylactoid reactions from some and avoid IV injection.
injection of 1.5-2.5 mg/ 12h before biopsy (recheck injectable products and bleeding at
kg IM or SQ with small coagulation times) the injection site. Limit volume of
needle, followed by 2.5 mg/ injection at each site. Transfusion
kg PO dosing. Duration of often required initially for actively
treatment depends on type of bleeding animals.
rodenticide ingested.
Voriconazole (Vfend) Susceptible mycotic infections: Do not use in cats. Cats experience severe adverse Tablets, powder for
4-5 mg/kg PO q 12-24h reactions. Adverse reactions include suspension or solution
hepatotoxicity and extreme changes (IV use not described for
in blood pressure. Use with caution clinical use in dogs)
in patients with hepatic dysfunction
or proarrhythmic conditions. Multiple
drug interactions.
Warfarin (Coumadin) Thromboprophylaxis: 0.05- Do not use in cats. Can cause dose-related hemorrhage. Tablets. Multiple drug/food
0.2 mg/kg PO q 24h with PT Contraindicated with active bleeding, interactions.
target of 1.5-2 times baseline hypertension, hepatic insufficiency,
or INR target of 2-3 pericardial effusion, or pregnancy.
Multiple drug interactions. Treatment
must be carefully monitored by PT or
international normalized ratio.
Xylazine (Rompun) No longer used in dogs. Emetic agent: 0.44-1.1 mg/kg Do not use concurrently with Injection
IM or IV once epinephrine. Use with caution in
pre-existing cardiac dysfunction,
hypotension or shock, respiratory
dysfunction, severe hepatic or renal
insufficiency, pre-existing seizure
disorders, or if severely debilitated.
Yohimbine is antagonist.
Yohimbine (Yobine, Amitraz toxicity: 0.11 mg/kg After xylazine-induced emesis: Use cautiously in seizure disorders. Injection
Antagonil) IV or 0.25 mg/kg IM with 0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV once Use carefully in patients with renal
atipamezole 50 mcg/kg IM disease.
Zafirlukast (Accolate) Leukotriene inhibitor: dogs Leukotriene inhibitor: 5 mg/CAT Adverse effects not well established in Tablets; give on empty
<11.4 kg 5 mg, dogs PO q 12-24h; questionable cats or dogs. Efficacy has not been stomach.
11.4-22.3 kg 10 mg, dogs efficacy. established for feline asthma.
22.7-34.1 kg 20 mg PO
q 12h
Zinc sulfate, acetate, Zn responsive dermatosis: Severe hepatic lipidosis: GI upset, or hemolysis with large dose. Tablets, capsules, or
gluconate, or methionine 2 mg/kg PO q 24h (or 7-10 mg/kg elemental Zn Drug absorption interactions occur. compounded. Usually
divided bid if stomach upset) PO q 24h combined with other
elemental Zn nutraceuticals. OTC
Adjunctive treatment for preparations available.
copper toxicosis: 5-10 mg/
kg elemental Zn q 12h for
3 months, then 50 mg PO
q 12h
Zonisamide (Zonegran) Adjunctive anticonvulsant: Adjunctive anticonvulsant: Adverse effects include sedation (usually Capsules. Compounding
2-10 mg/kg PO q 12h 5-10 mg/kg PO q 24h transient), ataxia, and inappetence. pharmacists may prepare
Dogs may develop idiopathic hepatic a stable oral suspension.
necrosis, urinary calculi, hepatopathy,
acute tubular acidosis, and erythema
multiforme.

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