Page 99 - Zoo Animal Learning and Training

Chapter 5 Anatomy and Physiology 83

TABLE 5.1
Dental Formulas per Animal
Animal
Total # Incisors (I) a Canines (C) Premolars (P) Molars (M)
Dogs – 42 2 1 3 2 × 2
2 1 4 3
Cats – 30 2 1 3 1 × 2
2 1 2 1
Rabbits – 28 1 b 0 3 3 × 2
1 0 2 3
Horses – 40 (42) 3 1 3 3 (4) × 2
3 1 3 4
Cattle – 32 0 0 3 3 × 2
4 0 3 3
a The top number indicates the number of teeth in the top jaw, on one side, bottom number indicates the number of teeth in the lower jaw, on one side. The × 2
indicates the two sides of the mouth.
b One “peg” tooth sits behind the incisors of the upper jaw.

Prancreas
Larynx
Stomach
Esophagus Descending colon
Transverse colon
Pharynx Ileum
Teeth
Liver Rectum
Anal
Jejunum
sphincter
Gallbladder Ascending colon
Duodenum

FIGURE 5.15 Monogastric digestive tract. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Digestive_system_without_labels.svg. Public Domain.

Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum
Diaphragm

Esophagus Liver Esophagus
Rumen Gallbladder

Spleen Pancreas
FIGURE 5.16 Ruminant stomach. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Duodenum
Used under CC BY‐SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ Jejunum
File:Ruminant_Stomach.jpg.

nutrients and then it follows the same path as described
for monogastric animals. FIGURE 5.17 Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Source: Wikimedia
There are three more organs that assist with diges- Commons. Used under CC BY‐SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.
tion: the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas (Figure 5.17). org/wiki/File:Liver_Gallbladder_SI.jpg.