& 1 " 1 = + Z −1 ! −1 & & " " = (1 − (−1) ) + (1 − (−1) ) Z ! = 0 + (2) = ! Z ! ! ! = ( ) − ! = − ` a ! Z Z = − Z "Z O = "Z - Simpangan baku O = Ê = √5 "Z Z 71