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平成日本政治结构演变与参议院在国会中的作用转换

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4%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A%E7%B7%8F%E8%A3%81%E ( 责任编辑 吴占军 )

The Evolution of Japan's Political Structure and the Transformation of the
Role of the Senate in Congress in the Heisei Era

Wang Pengfei

Abstract： After World War II, Japan's parliamentary system adopted a bicameral system, consisting of the house of Representatives
and the Senate. It is the highest authority and the only legislature under national sovereignty. Both the Senate and the House of
representatives are elected by universal suffrage, just as the eyes of the state reflect the general will of the people. As the "government
of re-examination", the Senate reconsiders the bill formed under the principle of "Democratic majority decision" in the House of
Representatives, restrains blind majority and partiality of political parties, and has relative independence in system. However, during
the "1955 system" period, the LDP monopolized the majority of seats in both Houses of Congress. Under the party's prior review
system, the Senate was once reduced to "subsidiary of the House of Representatives" and lost its function. After the Heisei era,
with the collapse of the"1955 system" and the implementation of political reform, The political role of the Senate is increasingly
prominent, and its operation has gone through three stages: Multiparty structure and consultative politics of the Senate in the early
period of Heisei Era; In the middle of the Heisei era, the ruling party reorganization and joint administration of the Senate; In the late
period of Heisei era, the opposition of the Senate and the change of political power. Today, under Abe’s dominant politics, the Senate
as the “Re-examination House” is facing a severe test.
Key Words： Heisei Era; Senate; Democratic Majority; Opposition Party; Distorting Congress

日本研究·2020 年第 2 期 47