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Shemos—Mishpatim 22:28–29 èëYçë:áë íéèôùîZúåîù
Shemos—Mishpatim 22:14–15 åèYãé:áë íéèôùîZúåîù
and of your terumah-offering’s you must not delay. þ¢ÑìÔêгê¤G £EμÐôÌðÐî then he [the borrower] need not make restitution. ó¢ÑlÔLÐ−ê¤G
The first-born of your sons, you shall give to Me. :−ÞÌñ-öÓzÌzE−£ÓòÖaþB'×Ða If it was hired, it [the loss] êe flíþ−¤Ì×ÖN-óÌê
29. You must do likewise with your oxen £EÐþÒ ÞLÐñí'ÓNμÞÔz-öÑk .¬× is covered by its rental price. ô :B ÞþÖ×ÐNÌaê£Öa
and with your sheep. E¢ÓòêÒ®Ðñ 15. If a man seduces a virgin í§Öñe³ÐaL− †Ìêí¤ÓzÔõÐ−-−ÞÌ×Ðî .î¬
Seven days it shall remain with its mother. B flnÌê-ó̼í¤Ó−ÐíÞÌ− ·ó−ÌôÖ−³¥Ô¼ÐëÌL who is not betrothed, and lies with her; d¢Ön̼ë¤Ô×ÖLÐîíÖN£ÖþÒê-ê ÞGþ'ÓLÎê
he must give the dowry to acquire her as his wife. :íÞÖMÌêÐñB£líÖp'ÓþÖíÐôÌ−þÒ§íÖô
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This refers to ó−ÌþekÌa—“the first fruits.” 50 :ó−ÌþekÌaóÑíÐî If it was hired. .àeä øéÄëÈN-íÄà
And your terumah-offering. .EÂòÀîÄãÀå [I.e.] if the ox was not borrowed ñeêÖL Bò−Ñê þBMÔíóÌê
[EμÐôÌðÐî refers to] the terumah-offering, 51 ,íÖôeþÐzÔí but rather hired, ,þe×ÖNêÖlÓê
but, I do not know why it is called ¼ÔôÓð. 52 :¼ÔôÓc öBLÐñeíÔôÔ¼ÑðB− −Ìò−ÑêÐî then, since it (BþÖ×ÐNÌëêÖa) came for its rental fee B ÞþÖ×ÐNÌaêÖa
You must not delay. .øÅçÇàÀúàG into the hands of the lessee, ,íÓfÔíþÑ×BOÔíðÔ−Ðñ
[Meaning:] Do not alter íÓpÔLгêG and not through borrowing, ,íÖñ−ÌêÐLÌëêGÐî
their order of separating them 53 [from their fruits], öÖ³ÖLÖþÐõÔíþÓðѽ and the benefit is not his entirely ,BlÓLíÖêÖòÎíñÖkö−ÑêÐî
by separating later what should be separated earlier, ,þÖìeêÐôÔí³Óêó−ÌcКÔíÐñe óÖcКenÔí³ÓêþÑìÔêÐñ for it is in return for its rental fee BþÖ×ÐN−ÑðÐ−ñÔ¼−ÑþÎíÓL
i.e., he may not [separate] the terumah before íÖôeþÐzó−ÌcКÔ−êHÓL that he uses it, 8 ,LÑnÔzÐLÌò
[separating] the bikkurim, ó−ÌþekÌëÐñ the rule of the borrower does not apply to him ñÑêBL ¬ÔtÐLÌôBñö−ÑêÐî
or the tithe offering before the terumah. 54 55 :íÖôeþгÌñþÑNμÔôe —to make him liable even for accidents. ;ö−̽ÐòBêÐaë−ÑiÔìгÌíÐñ
The Torah does not make it clear LÔþ−ÑõêGÐî
The first-born of your sons, you shall give to Me— .éÞÄì-ïÆzÄzEéÆðÈa øBëÀa
by redeeming him for five sela’im from the kohein. ;öÑíÒkÔíöÌôó−̼ÖñнLÑôÖìÐë B³BcÐõÌñ what rule applies to him (the hirer), ,Bò−ÌcíÔô
But has [the Torah] not given this command elsewhere? 56 ?þÑìÔê óBšÖôÐa î−Ö ñÖ¼íÖeÌ®þÖëÐ×êGÎíÔî whether [he is considered] a óÖpÌìþÑôBL 9 óÖpÌìþÑôBLÐkóÌê
But [the reason it is repeated here is] êÖlÓê or a þÖ×ÖNþÑôBL. 10 ,þÖ×ÖNþÑôBLÐ×Bê
so as to juxtapose it to: Bñ CBôнÌñ−ÑðÐ× Therefore the Sages of Yisrael disputed this matter: ,ñÑêÖþÐNÌ−−ÑôÐ×Ôì Bë ešÐñÐìÓòCÖ×−Ì õÐñ
“You must do likewise with your oxen Z"EÐþÒLÐñíÓNμÔzöÑk,, What manner of restitution does a hirer make? ?óÑlÔLÐôðÔ®−ÑkþÑ×BN
and with your sheep,” ,EÓòêÒ®Ðñ Rabbi Meir said: as a óÖpÌìþÑôBL. ,óÖpÌìþÑôBLÐkþÑôBê þ−ÌêÑô−ÌaÔþ
[thereby teaching that] just as the first-born of man óÖðÖê þB×ÐaíÔô Rabbi Yehudah said: as a þÖ×ÖNþÑôBL.” 11 :þÖ×ÖNþÑôBLÐkþÑôBê íÖðeíÐ−’þ
is redeemed after thirty days [from birth], ,eíÑðBt óB− ó−ÌLñÐLþÔìÔêÐñ [15] If [a man] seduces. .äÆzÇôÀé-éÞÄëÀå [åè]
as it is said: þÔôÍêÓpÓL He speaks “to her heart (softly and kindly)” dÖaÌññÔ¼þÑaÔðÐô
“And those that need to be redeemed, îÖ−eðÐõe until she consents to him. ,Bñ ³Ô¼ÔôBMÓLðÔ¼
Onkelos translates it similarly: ñÑcÔLÐ−−ÑþÎêÔî, ,ñÑcÔLÐ−−ÑþÎê BôebÐþÔzöÑ×Ðî
ñeðÌL in Aramaic having the same meaning −ÌnÔþÎê öBLÖñÐa ñecÌL
50 I.e., the mitzvah to bring the fruits to the Temple and give them to the kohein. 51 Terumah 4a. 52 Rashi ibid.
(íôîþ³ îï í"ð) explains ¼ÔôÓc as “mixture,” i.e., terumah that becomes mixed with other fruits requires a ratio of 100 as −ezÌt (seducing) in Hebrew. :−ÌþÐë̼ öBLÖñÐa −ezÌõÐk
to 1 of terumah for the terumah to be considered annulled. Gur Aryeh suggests that ¼ÔôÓc refers to the grain after it
He must give the dowry. 12 .äÈpÆøÈäÀîÄéøÉäÈî
separates from the chaff as a tear (¼ÔôÓc) drops from the eye. It is at this point that the mitzvah of separating terumah
He must set aside a dowry for her þÔíBô dÖñ šB½ÐõÌ−
occurs. See also Ramban. 53 I.e., the ó−Ìþek−Ìa and the íÖôeþÐz. 54 The sequence of the separation of the various
offerings from grains and fruits: 1. ó−ÌþekÌa—the first fruits are taken to the Temple and given to the kohein. 2. íÖôeþÐz—a
fraction of the fruits (either 1/40, 1/50 or 1/60, depending on the owner’s magnanimity) is set aside and given to 8 Hence the hirer is not considered totally benefitting. After all he does pay a fee. The owner also shares in the
the kohein. 3. þÑNμÔô—a tenth of what remains after the separating of the bikkurim and teruma is given to the levi. benefits since he is paid the fee. 9 I.e., a watchman who receives no compensation and is not liable for theft or
4. þÑNμÔô³ÔôeþÐz—the levi then takes 1/10 of the þÑNμÔô which he received and gives it to the kohein. 55 Mechilta. loss. 10 I.e., a watchman who is compensated for his work and is liable for theft or loss. 11 Bava Metzia 93a.
56 Above, 13, 13: íÓcÐõÌzE−ÓòÖëÐaóÖðÖê þB×ÐañÖ×Ðî—“ All the first born of man you must redeem.” 12 According to Rashi þÔíÒô refers to the íÖae³Ðk—“the marriage contract.” See Ramban.